Origins of Equation-Based Modeling Languages
Abstract:
Modeling and simulation are indispensable tools for design and operation of complex engineered systems. Models are used in the design phase to select system architecture and configuration and for optimization of the design. Simulation is used to investigate dynamic behavior and to explore control architecture and control design. Simulation can be combined with real hardware in hardware-in-the-loop simulation for system testing. Models are also integral parts of feedback systems. Dynamic models are used during operation for control, dynamic optimization, supervision and fault diagnosis. They are also used in simulators for operator training. Models and simulation can also be used for decision support systems. Modeling is a rich field. It covers large parts of natural science and engineering. Statistics, design of experiments and parameter estimation are also essential ingredients. Numerical mathematics is important for simulation of a model and for optimization. Computer algebra is indispensable for safe transformation of models and for dealing with models of complex systems. Concepts and tools from computer science and software engineering are necessary to deal with large systems. Development of modeling and simulation worked hand in hand with emergence of computing starting with analog computers. The paper presents some of the ideas that lead to equation-based languages like Modelica.
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Biography:
Karl J. Åström was born in Östersund, Sweden on August 5, 1934. He was educated at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm Sweden where he received his M.Sc. in Engineering Physics and the Ph.D. in Automatic Control and Mathematics.
From 1955 to 1960 Åström held teaching appointments at different departments at KTH, at the same time he worked on inertial guidance for the Research Institute of National Defense in Stockholm. Together with F. Hector of Philips he developed a new principle for Schuler tuning of an inertial platform which was successfully flight tested. He joined the IBM Nordic Laboratory in 1961 to work on theory and applications of computerized process control. He worked on optimal and stochastic control as a visiting scientist at IBM Research Laboratories in Yorktown Heights and San Jose in 1962 and 1963. Upon his return to Sweden, he was responsible for modeling, identification, and implementation of systems for computer control of paper machines. In 1965, Åström was appointed Professor to the Chair of Automatic Control at Lund Institute of Technology/University of Lund. He has held visiting appointments at many universities in USA, Europe, and Asia.
Åström has been Vice Dean and Dean of the Department of Engineering Physics and Chairman of the Computing Board at Lund University. He is an Editor of Automatica and many other journals.
Åström's interest cover broad aspects of automatic control, stochastic control, system identification, adaptive control, computer control and computer-aided control engineering. He has written five books and has contributed to several other books. He has written many papers and he holds three patents. The paper "Theory and Application of Adaptive Control," Automatica 19 (1983) 471-486, was given the Automatica Prize Paper Award, and the paper "Adaptive Feedback Control, Proc. IEEE 75 (1987) 185-217, was awarded with the Donald G. Fink Prize Paper award from IEEE. He has supervised 44 Ph.D. students and numerous M.Sc. students.
Åström is a fellow of the IEEE, a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences (IVA) where he has also been a vice president. He is a foreign associate of the US National Academy of Engineering.
Åström has received many awards, among them the Rufus Oldenburger Medal from ASME in 1985, the Quazza medal from IFAC in 1987, the IEEE Control Systems Science and Engineering Award in 1990, and the IEEE Medal of Honor "for fundamental contributions to theory and applications of adaptive control technology" in 1993.
He is married to Bia Åström and they have two children, Karin and Kalle. His personal interests include sailing and skiing.